Below is the graph of a quadratic function, showing where the function is increasing and decreasing. If we draw in the tangents to the curve, you will notice that if the gradient of the tangent is ...
8% of £50 is £4, so to increase £50 by 8%, add the £4 onto the £50, which is £54. Decrease 72 kg by 40%. 40% of 72 kg is 28.8 kg, so to decrease 72 kg by 40%, subtract 28.8 from 72, which is 43.2 kg.
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