Original manuscripts on the Consulate and Empire that belonged to Jean-Etienne-Marie Portalis (1746-1807), one of the architects of the Napoleonic Code at an auction in 2012. (Photo by ANNE-CHRISTINE ...

A secret coded document containing Napoleon's order to blow up the Kremlin has sold at auction for 10 times its estimated presale price. The Museum of Letters and Manuscripts in Paris said the ...

FONTAINEBLEAU (France): The single line of Napoleon's secret code told Paris of his desperate, last order against the Russians: “At three o'clock in the morning, on the 22nd I am going to blow up the ...

A taxi driver waves a French flag in front of riot police during arally in Paris on May 19, 2025 as part of a nationwide demonstration against proposed changes in how the state finances medical ...

Ridley Scott’s biopic Napoleon veers from battlefield to boudoir, portraying Bonaparte as a caricature of masculine excess. As a historian who specializes in the French Revolution, my main reservation ...

Under the direction of France’s most famous ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte, the Napoleonic Code – the Code Napoléon – took force this week (March 21) in 1804. Napoleon’s goal was to reform the archaic and ...

Roula Khalaf, Editor of the FT, selects her favourite stories in this weekly newsletter. Tidjane Thiam, chief executive of Credit Suisse, may not be a good general. He is, however, a lucky one — the ...

FONTAINEBLEAU, France - The single line of Napoleon's secret code told Paris of his desperate, last order against the Russians: "At three o'clock in the morning, on the 22nd I am going to blow up the ...

MacEwan University provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA. MacEwan University provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA-FR. As a historian who specializes in the French ...