Each run through the list, from start to finish, is known as a pass. The bubble sort continues until a pass is made where no values have been swapped. At this point, the list is sorted. 4, 27, 7, 12, ...

This process is repeated until the end of the array. If there are 100 values to sort, each pass through the list will take 99 comparisons – and you might have to repeat it 99 times. After the first ...