Electromechanical components such as relays and switches often must undergo endurance tests that verify their reliability and safety. Regulatory standards typically have compliance criteria that ...

A version of thie article appeared in the February 2012 issue of Test & Measurement World. See the PDF. Many industrial systems use the 4–20-mA loop to transmit measurements from sensors to displays, ...

Microcontrollers contain a broad range of features due to the numerous end-use markets they address. Typical microcontrollers come in 8-, 16-, and 32-bit versions and commonly are used in consumer, ...

This circuit solved a problem encountered in developing a portable device with an ARM Cortex-M0 processor. The power supply consisted of two AA batteries (2 × 1.5 V), and I needed to signal the user ...

Drawing and analysing flowchart diagrams involves elements like count, compare, macro, do macro, end, increments, decrements, and expressions. Microcontrollers (PICs) are used in control systems, ...

Deep in the heart of your latest project lies a little silicon brain. Much like the brain inside your own bone-plated noggin, your microcontroller needs protection from the outside world from time to ...