The team has improved the capabilities of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), a type of artificial intelligence that incorporates physical laws into the learning process. Researchers from the ...

Differential equations are fundamental tools in physics: they are used to describe phenomena ranging from fluid dynamics to general relativity. But when these equations become stiff (i.e. they involve ...

Trigonometric identities are powerful tools for simplifying complex equations in math and science. Three core groups—reciprocal, quotient, and Pythagorean—form the foundation. Effective strategies ...

Make sure you are confident in solving one and two-step linear equations and expanding brackets in order to tackle these more complex types of equations. Substitute close substituteIn algebra, to ...

Complex Hessian equations extend the classical framework of the complex Monge–Ampère equation by involving the m-th elementary symmetric function of the eigenvalues of the complex Hessian. This ...