Understanding the feed-forward mechanism is required in order to create a neural network that solves difficult practical problems such as predicting the result of a football game or the movement of a ...

Author’s note: This article shows how to derive circuit gain equations via a signal flow graph. With practice you may be able to write a gain equation by locating signal paths and loops in the ...

In today’s information-driven society, there’s an ever-increasing preference to measure phenomena such as temperature, pressure, light, force, voltage and current. These measurements can be used in a ...