Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...

The advent of all‐optical modulation format conversion techniques has fundamentally reshaped modern optical communications. These techniques enable the direct manipulation of optical signals in their ...

Over the past decades, engineers have introduced numerous technologies that rely on light and its underlying characteristics.

Transmitter testing methods prior to TDECQ. Why TDECQ has overtaken TDP in PAM4 transmitter testing. Steps in the TDECQ measurement process. Using sampling oscilloscopes with built-in TDECQ.