Single-use bioreactors have been successfully implemented by the biopharmaceutical industry up to the 2,000-L scale. The performance of single-use bioreactors is comparable if not superior to ...

The authors discuss three methods for identification of out-of-trend (OOT) results and further compare the z-score method and the tolerance interval in OOT analysis for stability studies. It is ...

The importance of properly integrating test points into a PCB design. Test-point deployment considerations. When it comes to creating a modern electronic design, we live in both the best and the worst ...

Why are test points a crucial element in developing a successful circuit? Types of test points available, and the different techniques that employ them. Electronic design has always been an endeavor ...

Inadequate endotoxin testing places patients at risk. Knowing the relative strengths and weaknesses of available test methods is crucial to maintaining quality and safety. Endotoxins are small, ...